flame cell การใช้

• These combinations of flame cells and tubule cells are called protonephredia.
• They also have flame cells that function as a kidney and remove waste material.
• :A simple kidney in small bilaterians consists of a flame cell and tube cell.
• The flame cell has a bladder.
• The excretory system is made of many tubes with many flame cells and excretory pores on them.
• Flame cells can be distinguished from solenocytes as the former is usually ciliated whereas the latter is flagellated.
• These are the cells which form subtypes of Protonephridium along with the other type i . e . Flame Cells.
• Also, flame cells remove unwanted liquids from the body by passing them through ducts which lead to excretory pores, where waste is released on the dorsal surface of the planarian.
• To filter out soluble waste products, flame cells are embedded in the front part of the two lateral fluid vessels, and remove the wastes through a network of pipes to the outside.
• The secretory organs of rhabditophorans, the protonephridia, also have a unique anatomy in which the flame cells and tube cells present a series of cytoplasmic projections that overlap, forming a two-cell'weir '.
• Flame cells, so called because the beating of their flagella looks like a flickering candle flame, extract from the mesenchyme water that contains wastes and some re-usable material, and drive it into networks of tube cells which are lined with flagella and microvilli.